What is Ranitidine?
Ranitidine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called H2 blockers. It works by decreasing the amount of acid that is produced in the stomach. Ranitidine was first approved for medical use in 1981 and is commonly used to treat conditions involving excess stomach acid such as peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is one of the most widely used medications for relief from heartburn and acid indigestion.
How Does Ranitidine Work?
Ranitidine is known chemically as N-(2--2-furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl)-N'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine. It works by blocking the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. Histamine promotes further production of stomach acid through the stimulation of H2 receptors. By blocking these receptors, ranitidine is able to reduce both basal and nocturnal acid secretion. This leads to decreased stomach acid levels, providing relief from conditions caused by excess acid like ulcers and GERD.
Common Uses for Ranitidine
Some of the most common reasons people take ranitidine include:
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers - By decreasing acid levels, ranitidine helps to promote healing of ulcers in the stomach and upper small intestine.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - The reduced acidity helps prevent damage to the esophagus from stomach contents backing up.
- Dyspepsia/heartburn - Ranitidine is very effective at providing acute relief from the pain of acid indigestion and heartburn.
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Rare condition causing tumors to secrete excessive gastric acid. Ranitidine can help control acid levels.
- Stress ulcer prophylaxis - Given to patients in the ICU and after surgery to prevent stomach damage from increased stress levels and reduced blood flow to the gut.
Dosage and Administration
Ranitidine comes in tablets, capsules, syrups, and injections. The usual adult dosage for conditions such as ulcers or GERD is 150 mg twice a day. This can be increased to 300 mg twice daily in more severe cases or when rapid relief is needed. For short-term treatment of heartburn, doses of 150 mg are often taken as needed. The liquid forms are usually dosed by age or weight. Injectable ranitidine is given by slow IV push or infusion for immediate relief of severe symptoms like ulcers.
Drug Interactions and Side Effects
Common mild side effects of ranitidine can include headache, diarrhea, constipation or dizziness in approximately 5% of patients. More serious potential side effects are very rare, occurring in less than 1% of people taking the drug. These include rash, nausea, fatigue, mild hepatic dysfunction and allergic reactions.
Ranitidine should be used cautiously in those with severe liver or kidney problems as it is partially metabolized by these organs. Interactions may occur if taking warfarin or drugs also metabolized by the liver like benzodiazepines as levels could increase. Antacids should not be taken within 30 minutes before or after ranitidine doses. Consult a doctor about any other medications being used concurrently.
Past Concerns and Generic Availability
In the 2010s, safety concerns were raised about possible contamination of ranitidine with NDMA, a probable human carcinogen. This led to recalls of many brands and the 2019 discontinuation of ranitidine products in the US. Currently available generic ranitidine alternatives should undergo regulatory testing to ensure they meet purity standards. Ranitidine remains an approved treatment in many other countries around the world.
In ranitidine is a medication that reduces stomach acid production in order to provide relief from indigestion, ulcers, GERD, and other acid-related gastrointestinal conditions. It works by blocking H2 receptors that would normally signal for more acid secretion. Ranitidine is generally well tolerated when used as directed and is available in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations. However, potential rare side effects and interactions warrant caution and following dosage guidelines strictly.
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About Author:
Alice Mutum is a seasoned senior content editor at Coherent Market Insights, leveraging extensive expertise gained from her previous role as a content writer. With seven years in content development, Alice masterfully employs SEO best practices and cutting-edge digital marketing strategies to craft high-ranking, impactful content. As an editor, she meticulously ensures flawless grammar and punctuation, precise data accuracy, and perfect alignment with audience needs in every research report. Alice's dedication to excellence and her strategic approach to content make her an invaluable asset in the world of market insights.
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